Submissions

1.     Title Formatting

Heading Level: Title (Centred)
Font Family: Times New Roman
Font Size: 14 pt
Font Style: Bold
Example:

                          Contribution Title

2.      Author Name Formatting

Heading Level: 2^nd-level heading (Centred)

Font Family: Times New Roman
Font Size: 10 pt

Font Style Guidelines:

·       Author Name(s): Regular (not bold)

·       Affiliation Order and ORCID ID: Superscript

Example:

                   First Author^{1[0000-1111-2222-3333]} and Second Author^{2[1111-2222-3333-4444]}

3.     Author Details Formatting

Heading Level: Centered
Font Family: Times New Roman
Font Size: 9 pt

Formatting Guidelines:

·       Text Style: Regular (not bold)

·       Affiliation Order: Must correspond to the superscript order indicated in the author names

Example:

                        ¹ Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544, USA

                         ² Springer Heidelberg, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
                          lncs@springer.com

4.     Abstract Formatting

Heading Level: 9 pt
Font Family: Times New Roman
Font Style: Bold
Abstract Text: 9pt

·       Font Family: Times New Roman

·       Font Style: Regular (not bold)

·       Word Limit: 150–250 words

Guidelines:
The abstract should provide a concise summary of the paper’s objectives, methodology, key findings, and conclusions within a range of 150–250 words.

Example:

Abstract. The abstract should summarize the contents of the paper in short terms, i.e. 150-250 words.

5.      Keywords Formatting

Heading Level: 9 pt
Font Family: Times New Roman
Font Style: Bold

Keyword Text:

·       Font Size: 9 pt

·       Font Family: Times New Roman

·       Font Style: Regular (not bold)

Example:

                  Keywords: First Keyword, Second Keyword, Third Keyword.

6.      Section Heading and Body Text Formatting

Section Heading:

·       Heading Level: First-Level Heading

·       Numbering: Sections must be numbered consecutively using Arabic numerals (e.g., 1., 2., 3.).

·       Font Family: Times New Roman

·       Font Size: 12 pt

·       Font Style: Bold

Section Body Text:

·       Font Family: Times New Roman

·       Font Size: 10 pt

·       Font Style: Regular (not bold)

Indentation Guidelines:

The first paragraph of each section or subsection should not be indented. Similarly, the first paragraph following a table, figure, equation, or other display element should not be indented.

Example:

                  1            First Section

7.     Subsection Heading and Body Text Formatting

Subsection Heading:

• Heading Level: Second-Level Heading
• Numbering: Subsections must be numbered using a decimal system corresponding to the parent section (e.g., 1.1, 1.2, 2.1).
• Font Family: Times New Roman
• Font Size: 10 pt
• Font Style: Bold
  
  

Subsection Body Text:

• Font Family: Times New Roman
• Font Size: 10 pt
• Font Style: Regular (not bold)
• Placement: Text begins immediately below the subsection heading.

Indentation Guidelines:

The first paragraph of each section or subsection should not be indented. Similarly, the first paragraph following a table, figure, equation, or other display element should not be indented.

Example:

                          1.1        A Subsection Sample

Please note that the first paragraph of a section or subsection is not indented. The first paragraphs that follows a table, figure, equation etc. does not have an indent, either.

Subsequent paragraphs, however, are indented. 

8.     Lower-Level Headings (Third and Fourth Levels)

Third-Level Heading:

·       Numbering: Not numbered

·       Format: Run-in heading (bold), followed immediately by the paragraph text on the same line

·       Font Family: Times New Roman

·       Font Size: 10 pt

·       Font Style: Bold

Fourth-Level Heading:

·       Numbering: Not numbered

·       Format: Run-in heading (italic), followed immediately by the paragraph text on the same line

·       Font Family: Times New Roman

·       Font Size: 10 pt

·       Font Style: Italic (regular)

Guidelines: The manuscript should contain no more than four levels of headings in total. 

Example: 

                  Sample Heading (Third Level). Only two levels of headings should be numbered.
Lower level headings remain unnumbered; they are formatted as run-in headings.

                 Sample Heading (Forth Level). The contribution should contain no more than four
levels of headings. The following Table 1 gives a summary of all heading levels. 

9.     Table Presentation

1.  Table Captions:

·       Captions must be placed above the table and centered.

·       Each caption must include the table number (e.g., Table 1).

2.  Table Number (Label):

·       Font Family: Times New Roman

·       Font Size: 9 pt

·       Font Style: Bold

3.  Caption Text:

·       Font Family: Times New Roman

·       Font Size: 9 pt

·       Font Style: Regular (not bold)

·       Format: The caption text should follow immediately after the table number (e.g., Table 1. Summary of Results).

Example:

Table 1. Table captions should be placed above the tables.

10.  Equations Formatting

Display Format:

• Displayed equations must be centered and placed on a separate line.

Font Specifications:

• Font Family: Times New Roman
• Font Size: 10 pt
• Font Style: Italic (not bold)

Equation Numbering:

• Each displayed equation must be numbered consecutively using Arabic numerals enclosed in parentheses.
• The equation number should be right-aligned on the same line as the equation.

Example:

Displayed equations are centered and set on a separate line.

                                                           x + y = z                                                             (1)

11.  Figures and Graph Representation

Figure Captions:

·       Captions must be placed below the figure.

·       Short captions should be centred, while longer captions should be justified.

·       Each caption must include the figure number (e.g., Fig. 1).

Figure Number (Label):

·       Font Family: Times New Roman

·       Font Size: 9 pt

·       Font Style: Bold

Caption Text:

·       Font Family: Times New Roman

·       Font Size: 9 pt

·       Font Style: Regular (not bold)

·       Format: The caption text should follow immediately after the figure number

Image Quality Guidelines:

·       Avoid using rasterized images for line-art diagrams and schemas.

·       Whenever possible, use vector graphics to ensure clarity and scalability (see Fig. 1).

Example:

Please try to avoid rasterized images for line-art diagrams and schemas. Whenever possible, use vector graphics instead (see Fig. 1). 

Fig. 1. A figure caption is always placed below the illustration. Short captions are centered, while long ones are justified. The macro button chooses the correct format automatically. 

12.  Citation Formatting

In-Text Citations:

·       Use square brackets with consecutive numbers for referencing (e.g., [1], [2], [3–5]).

·       Citations should appear within the text at the appropriate point.

Font Specifications:

·       Font Family: Times New Roman

·       Font Size: 10 pt

·       Font Style: Regular (not bold)

Example:

For citations of references, we prefer the use of square brackets and consecutive numbers. The following bibliography provides a sample reference list with entries for journal articles [1], an LNCS chapter [2], a book [3], proceedings without editors [4], as well as a URL [5]. 

13.  References Formatting

Reference Heading:

·       Text: References

·       Font Family: Times New Roman

·       Font Size: 12 pt

·       Font Style: Bold

·       Placement: Centered at the end of the manuscript

Reference List:

·       References should be listed in the order of in-text citation.

·       The list must follow APA 7th edition style.

·       Font Family: Times New Roman

·       Font Size: 9 pt

·       Font Style: Regular (not bold)

Example:

References

   1.   Author, F.: Article title. Journal 2(5), 99–110 (2016).

   2.   Author, F., Author, S.: Title of a proceedings paper. In: Editor, F., Editor, S. (eds.) CONFERENCE 2016, LNCS, vol. 9999, pp. 1–13. Springer, Heidelberg (2016).

   3.   Author, F., Author, S., Author, T.: Book title. 2nd edn. Publisher, Location (1999).

   4.   Author, F.: Contribution title. In: 9th International Proceedings on Proceedings, pp. 1–2. Publisher, Location (2010).

   5.   LIB-BRIDGE 2026 Website. https://drtc.isibang.ac.in/lib-bridge/, last accessed 2016/1